Dorothy Vaughan

Dorothy Vaughan: Pioneering Mathematician and Human Computer

By Shana Pointdexter and Danielle Dixon

Dorothy Vaughan was a trailblazer in the field of mathematics and computer science, whose contributions significantly impacted the space race and the development of computational methods. Born on September 20, 1910, in Kansas City, Missouri, Dorothy Johnson Vaughan grew up in a time when opportunities for African American women were severely limited. Despite these challenges, she went on to achieve remarkable success and left an indelible mark on history.

Vaughan's journey began with her education. She graduated as valedictorian from Beechurst High School in 1925 and then earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Wilberforce University in Ohio in 1929. After graduation, she worked as a mathematics teacher at Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia, where she inspired many young minds with her passion for mathematics. In 1943, during World War II, Vaughan joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the precursor to NASA, as part of a program to recruit African American women to fill positions left vacant by men who had gone to fight in the war. She was assigned to the segregated West Area Computing unit at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. This group of African American female mathematicians was known as "human computers" because they performed complex calculations by hand, which were critical to the success of aeronautical research and development.

Dorothy Vaughan quickly distinguished herself as a talented mathematician and leader. In 1949, she became the first African American woman to be promoted to a supervisory position at NACA, leading the West Area Computing unit. Under her leadership, the team made significant contributions to various research projects, including the development of the Supersonic Pressure Tunnel and the analysis of flight data for the Mercury Project, which aimed to send the first American astronauts into space. One of Vaughan's most notable achievements was her transition from manual calculations to electronic computing. Recognizing the potential of the emerging field of computer science, she taught herself and her team the programming language FORTRAN, which was used for scientific and engineering applications. This forward-thinking approach ensured that her team remained relevant and valuable as the field of aeronautics evolved.

Vaughan's work at NASA continued to be instrumental during the early years of the space program. Her expertise in both mathematics and computer programming played a crucial role in the success of the United States' efforts to explore space. She collaborated with other pioneering women, such as Katherine Johnson and Mary Jackson, whose contributions were also vital to NASA's achievements. Dorothy Vaughan's legacy extends beyond her technical contributions. She was a mentor and advocate for the women in her team, helping to break down barriers and pave the way for future generations of African American women in STEM fields. Her story, along with those of her colleagues, was brought to wider public attention through the book and film "Hidden Figures," which highlighted the often-overlooked contributions of African American women to the space race.

Vaughan retired from NASA in 1971, but her impact on the field of mathematics and computer science continues to be felt. She passed away on November 10, 2008, leaving

behind a legacy of perseverance, innovation, and excellence. Dorothy Vaughan's life and career serve as an inspiration to all, demonstrating the power of determination and the importance of diversity in achieving great scientific and technological advancements.

References: Chat GPT, https://www.nasa.gov/people/dorothy-vaughan/